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Glossary of Landscaping Terms

Design-Build & Project Delivery

Table Of Content



Design-Build & Process

3D Design Rendering

A photorealistic, computer-generated visualization of a proposed outdoor living project before construction begins. It allows clients to see materials, layout, lighting, and scale in a lifelike format, helping them make confident decisions and request changes early, when they're inexpensive to make.

Commercial Design-Build

The application of the design-build delivery model to commercial properties such as restaurants, HOAs, multifamily communities, hotels, or corporate campuses. One firm manages both design and construction for outdoor amenity spaces, ensuring the project meets brand standards, code requirements, and durability needs specific to high-traffic commercial use.

Design-Build

A project delivery method in which a single company handles both the design and construction phases under one contract, rather than the client hiring separate architects and contractors. This approach streamlines communication, reduces scheduling conflicts, and gives the client one point of contact from concept through completion.

Design Consultation

An initial meeting between the client and design team to discuss project goals, site conditions, budget, and style preferences before formal design work begins. It's typically the first step in the design-build process, used to scope the project and determine feasibility.

In-House Crews

Construction and installation teams directly employed by the design-build company, rather than outsourced subcontractors. This gives the company greater control over quality, scheduling, and craftsmanship consistency across every phase of a project.

Master Plan

A comprehensive, long-term design blueprint for an entire outdoor property, often encompassing multiple future phases such as a pool, kitchen, pavilion, and landscaping. It ensures all elements work together cohesively even if construction happens over several years or budget cycles.

Phased Build

A construction approach in which a large project is broken into separate stages completed over time, often to accommodate budget, permitting, or scheduling needs. A master plan usually guides phased builds to ensure each stage integrates seamlessly with those completed before and after it.

Single Point of Accountability

A hallmark benefit of the design-build model where one company, and often one project manager, is responsible for the entire project from design through construction. This eliminates the finger-pointing that can occur when multiple separate firms are involved, since one team is accountable for the outcome.

Turnkey

A project delivery approach in which the contractor manages every aspect of the build, from design and permitting to construction and final finishing touches, so the client can move in or start using the space without doing any additional work themselves. It implies a complete, ready-to-use result with minimal client involvement in logistics.

Outdoor Living Spaces & Amenities

Covered Pavilion

A freestanding or attached roofed structure that provides permanent shelter from sun and rain in an outdoor living area. Pavilions typically anchor larger backyard layouts, housing kitchens, seating, or dining areas beneath a solid roof supported by columns or posts.

Custom Concrete Pool

A swimming pool built on-site from poured or gunite/shotcrete concrete, shaped and sized to the client's exact specifications rather than a prefabricated mold. This construction method allows for unique shapes, depths, integrated features (like spas, tanning ledges, or water features), and long-term durability.

Custom Outdoor Kitchen

A fully designed cooking and entertaining space built to the homeowner's specific layout, appliance, and material preferences, rather than a pre-packaged kit. It typically includes elements like grills, countertops, storage, and refrigeration integrated into a cohesive design that matches the home's aesthetic and the client's cooking habits.

Hardscape Lighting

Fixed or integrated lighting installed within hardscape elements such as steps, walls, pathways, or pool decks, as opposed to standalone landscape lighting. It serves both functional purposes (safety, navigation) and aesthetic purposes (highlighting textures, architecture, and nighttime ambiance).

Outdoor Living Space

A broad term for any exterior area designed and built for relaxation, entertaining, or daily living, extending a home's usable square footage outside. This can include patios, kitchens, seating areas, pools, and structures designed to function like an extension of the indoor home.

Outdoor Room

A distinct, purpose-built outdoor area that functions similarly to an interior room, often defined by walls, a roof, flooring, and furnishings. Outdoor rooms create a sense of enclosure and intentional use, such as a dedicated lounge, dining area, or media space.

Outdoor TV

A television specifically engineered to withstand outdoor conditions such as moisture, temperature swings, and direct sunlight, typically featuring weatherproof casings and anti-glare screens. It's commonly integrated into outdoor kitchens, pavilions, or living spaces as part of a full entertainment setup.

Shade Structure

Any built element designed primarily to block sun exposure in an outdoor space, ranging from pergolas and awnings to louvered roof systems. Shade structures improve comfort and usability of outdoor areas during peak daylight hours.

Sound System

An integrated audio setup, often including weatherproof speakers, amplifiers, and control systems, designed to provide music or entertainment audio throughout an outdoor living space. These systems are typically built into the design during construction for optimal speaker placement and concealed wiring.

Pool Installation & Renovation

Automatic Safety Cover

A motorized, rigid cover system that slides across the pool's surface at the push of a button, providing a barrier strong enough to support weight and prevent accidental entry. It's used for both safety (especially with children and pets) and to reduce debris, heat loss, and water evaporation when the pool isn't in use.

Baja Shelf / Tanning Ledge

A shallow, submerged platform built into the pool's entry area, typically 6-12 inches deep, designed for lounging in the water on furniture or floats. It creates a resort-style feature that doubles as a play area for small children and a relaxation spot for adults.

Concrete (Gunite) Pool

A pool constructed by spraying a mixture of concrete and sand onto a rebar framework, allowing for fully custom shapes, depths, and features. Gunite pools are prized for their durability and design flexibility but generally require a longer build time than fiberglass or vinyl alternatives.

Coping

The cap or edge material installed along the perimeter of the pool where the shell meets the deck, typically made of concrete, natural stone, or pavers. Beyond its finished appearance, coping protects the pool's structural edge and helps direct water runoff away from the shell.

Equipment Upgrade

The replacement or enhancement of a pool's mechanical components, such as pumps, filters, heaters, or automation systems, often to improve energy efficiency, performance, or smart-home connectivity. Trusted equipment brands like Pentair, Hayward, and Jandy are commonly specified for their reliability and manufacturer warranties, and this is a common renovation scope item when older equipment becomes outdated or inefficient.

Excavation

The process of digging and removing earth to create the void where the pool shell will be constructed, sized and shaped according to the design plans. Proper excavation also accounts for equipment pads, plumbing trenches, and soil conditions that may affect structural requirements.

Fiberglass Pool

A pool built from a pre-manufactured, one-piece composite shell that is delivered to the site and set into an excavated hole. Fiberglass pools offer faster installation timelines and a smooth, non-porous surface that resists algae growth, though shape and size options are limited to available molds.

Indoor Pool

A swimming pool located within an enclosed structure, allowing year-round use regardless of weather or climate. Indoor pool projects often require additional considerations for ventilation, humidity control, and moisture-resistant building materials.

Infinity / Vanishing Edge

A design feature where one or more sides of the pool appear to have no boundary, with water flowing over the edge into a catch basin below and then recirculating back into the pool. This creates a visually dramatic effect often used to showcase a view or landscape beyond the pool.

Integrated Spa

A spa or hot tub built directly adjacent to or as part of the pool structure, often sharing equipment, plumbing, and design elements. Integrated spas commonly feature spillover edges into the pool and can typically be heated and operated independently of the main pool.

LED Pool Lighting

Energy-efficient underwater or perimeter lighting fixtures that illuminate the pool for nighttime use and can often be programmed to change colors or patterns. Compared to older incandescent options, LED lighting offers longer lifespans, lower energy consumption, and more design versatility.

Pebble Finish

An interior pool surface made from small natural pebbles blended with cementitious material, applied to the shell for both durability and texture. Pebble Tec is one of the most recognized brand names in this category, known for its wide range of colors and long-lasting, slip-resistant finish compared to standard plaster.

Plaster Finish

A traditional interior pool surface made from a cement-based mixture troweled onto the shell to create a smooth, sealed finish. It's one of the most cost-effective finish options but typically has a shorter lifespan and is more prone to staining than pebble or aggregate finishes.

Pool Deck

The paved or hardscaped surface surrounding the pool, used for walking, lounging, and furniture placement. Decks are constructed from materials like concrete, pavers, natural stone, or travertine, and are often factored into renovation scopes to update slip resistance, drainage, or aesthetics.

Pool Heater

A mechanical unit, typically gas, electric, or heat-pump powered, used to raise and maintain the pool's water temperature for extended swim seasons or comfort. Heater selection depends on factors like pool size, climate, and desired heating speed versus operating efficiency.

Pool House

A standalone structure adjacent to the pool area, often including amenities like changing rooms, storage, a bathroom, or a small kitchenette. Pool houses extend the functionality of the outdoor space and are commonly included in larger backyard master plans.

Pool Renovation

The process of updating, repairing, or redesigning an existing pool's structure, surface, equipment, or surrounding features. Renovations can range from minor cosmetic updates like resurfacing and tile replacement to major overhauls involving reshaping the pool or adding new features.

Pool Resurfacing

The process of removing and replacing the interior finish of a pool shell, whether plaster, pebble, or aggregate, once the existing surface becomes worn, stained, or rough. Resurfacing restores the pool's appearance and watertight integrity without requiring full reconstruction.

Pool Tile

Decorative or functional tile installed along the waterline, steps, or interior surfaces of a pool, often made from glass, ceramic, or stone. NPT (National Pool Tile) is a widely used supplier offering an extensive range of tile styles and finishes, and tile serves both aesthetic purposes and practical ones, such as protecting the finish from waterline buildup and staining.

Replastering

The specific process of removing an old plaster surface and applying a new layer of plaster to a pool's interior shell. This is one of the most common renovation tasks, typically needed every 10-15 years depending on water chemistry and usage.

Salt Water System

A pool sanitation method that uses a salt chlorine generator to convert dissolved salt into chlorine through electrolysis, reducing the need to manually add chlorine. Many homeowners prefer salt systems for their gentler feel on skin and eyes compared to traditional chlorine pools.

Shotcrete

A method of applying concrete for pool shell construction in which the mixture is pumped through a hose and sprayed at high velocity onto rebar forms, using a wet-mix process (as opposed to gunite's dry-mix process). Shotcrete is valued for its strength and is commonly used interchangeably with gunite in custom pool construction.

Skimmer

A component built into the pool wall that automatically pulls surface water, along with floating debris like leaves and insects, into the filtration system. Skimmers are essential to maintaining water clarity and reducing the burden on the pool's main drain and filter.

Spa Spillover

A design feature in which heated water from an integrated spa flows visibly over an edge or wall into the adjoining pool, creating both a water feature and a natural connection between the two spaces. It adds visual and auditory appeal while allowing the spa to function as a distinct heated zone.

Variable-Speed Pump

A pool pump with an adjustable motor that can run at different speeds depending on the task, such as filtration, heating, or water features. These pumps are significantly more energy-efficient than traditional single-speed pumps and are now standard in most equipment upgrades and new installations.

Waterfall

A water feature that creates a cascading flow of water into the pool, often built from natural stone, sheer descent panels, or raised walls. Waterfalls add ambiance, sound, and visual interest, and are commonly incorporated into custom pool designs or added during renovations.

Waterline Tile

A narrow band of tile installed at the pool's water level, marking the transition between the plaster or pebble finish and the coping above. Beyond its decorative function, waterline tile protects the surface finish from the buildup of oils, minerals, and debris that naturally collect at the water's surface.

Fire Pits & Outdoor Kitchens

Bar Seating

Elevated seating positioned along an outdoor bar or raised counter, typically paired with tall stools. It encourages a social, gathering-style layout where guests can interact with the cook or bartender while food and drinks are prepared.

Block

A general term for the modular masonry units, often concrete block, used to build the structural framework of outdoor kitchens, fireplaces, and fire pits. Block construction provides a sturdy, code-compliant base that is typically finished with veneer, stucco, or stone for a polished appearance.

Built-In Grill

A gas or charcoal grill permanently installed into an outdoor kitchen's cabinetry or masonry structure, rather than a freestanding unit. Built-in grills are selected to match the kitchen's layout and often connect directly to a natural gas line or propane supply for consistent fuel access.

Chimney

The vertical structure above a fireplace or firebox that channels smoke and gases upward and away from the seating or cooking area. Chimneys are often a defining visual element of an outdoor fireplace, built from the same masonry or veneer as the rest of the structure.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

A standardized concrete block used as the primary building material for outdoor kitchen frames, fireplace structures, and seat walls. CMUs offer a durable, fire-safe, and cost-effective structural base that installers finish with decorative veneer, stucco, or stone.

Countertop

The work surface installed on top of an outdoor kitchen's structure, used for food prep, serving, and dining. Common outdoor countertop materials include granite, concrete, and porcelain, all chosen for their resistance to heat, moisture, and UV exposure.

Fire Bowl

A rounded, often decorative vessel or basin, typically made from concrete, metal, or fiberglass, that holds the flame in a fire feature. Fire bowls can be freestanding or built into a larger fire pit or table design.

Fire Pit

A freestanding or built-in structure designed to contain an open flame at ground level, fueled by wood, natural gas, or propane. Fire pits serve as a central gathering point in outdoor living spaces, providing warmth, ambiance, and a visual focal point.

Fire Pit Table

A functional table with a built-in fire feature at its center, typically fueled by gas or propane and often covered with decorative glass or lava rock. It combines seating and dining functionality with the ambiance of a fire feature in a single furniture piece.

Firebox

The internal chamber of a fireplace or fire feature where the actual combustion takes place, lined with heat-resistant material to withstand direct flame exposure. The firebox's design and size directly affect how efficiently the fire burns and how much heat radiates outward.

Flue

The internal passage within a chimney that carries smoke, gases, and heat safely up and out of a fireplace structure. Proper flue sizing and construction are essential for safe operation and preventing smoke from backing up into the seating area.

Gas Line

The plumbing infrastructure that delivers natural gas or propane fuel to grills, fire features, and other appliances in an outdoor kitchen or fire pit installation. Running a gas line often requires permitting and coordination with a licensed professional to ensure safe, code-compliant installation.

Grill Island

A freestanding outdoor kitchen structure built around a built-in grill, typically including countertop space and additional storage or appliances like side burners and refrigeration. Grill islands offer a self-contained cooking and prep station without requiring a full outdoor kitchen build-out.

Hearth

The floor or base area of a fireplace or fire pit, often extending slightly beyond the firebox opening, made of non-combustible material like stone, brick, or concrete. Beyond its safety function, the hearth is often designed as a visual and functional extension of the fireplace's overall look.

Kegerator

A refrigerated outdoor appliance designed to store and dispense draft beer from a keg, typically built into outdoor bar cabinetry. It's a popular feature for homeowners looking to create a full entertainment and beverage station in their outdoor kitchen or bar area.

Mortar

A cement-based binding material used to join bricks, blocks, or stones together during the construction of masonry fireplaces, fire pits, and outdoor kitchen structures. Mortar also fills gaps and adds structural stability, helping the finished feature withstand weather and heat exposure over time.

Natural Gas

A fuel source delivered through a fixed line connected to a home's utility gas supply, used to power grills, fireplaces, and fire pits without the need for manual refilling. Natural gas systems offer continuous fuel access but require professional installation of dedicated gas lines.

Outdoor Bar

A dedicated area within an outdoor living space designed for beverage preparation and service, often including a counter, sink, refrigeration, and storage. Outdoor bars are commonly positioned near the kitchen or entertaining area to create a natural gathering hub.

Outdoor Fireplace

A vertical, wall-style fire feature typically built from masonry or stone, including a firebox, hearth, and chimney. Unlike a fire pit, an outdoor fireplace often serves as an architectural focal point and can be designed with a mantel, seating, or built-in storage.

Outdoor Refrigerator

A weatherproof refrigeration unit built into outdoor kitchen cabinetry, designed to withstand temperature fluctuations, humidity, and UV exposure that would damage an indoor appliance. It allows homeowners to store food and beverages conveniently on-site without repeated trips indoors.

Pizza Oven

A dedicated cooking structure, often dome-shaped and wood-fired or gas-powered, designed to reach the high temperatures needed for authentic pizza and artisan bread baking. Pizza ovens are a popular custom addition to outdoor kitchens, often built from masonry with decorative finishes.

Prep Sink

A small sink installed within outdoor kitchen cabinetry, used for washing produce, rinsing hands, and general food preparation. It's typically connected to a dedicated water line and helps keep meal prep efficient without needing to go back inside.

Propane

A portable fuel source, typically stored in refillable tanks, used to power grills, fire pits, and other outdoor appliances in locations without direct access to a natural gas line. Propane systems offer flexibility since they aren't dependent on fixed utility infrastructure.

Refractory / Firebrick

Heat-resistant brick or material used to line the interior of a firebox or pizza oven, capable of withstanding extreme, direct-flame temperatures without cracking or degrading. Refractory materials are essential for the structural safety and longevity of any wood-burning fire feature.

Seat Wall

A low masonry wall built around a fire pit, patio, or outdoor kitchen area that doubles as built-in seating. Seat walls create defined gathering spaces while eliminating the need for additional furniture.

Side Burner

An additional gas burner installed alongside a built-in grill, used for cooking sauces, side dishes, or other stovetop-style meal components. Side burners expand an outdoor kitchen's cooking capability beyond direct grilling.

Smoker

A dedicated cooking appliance that uses low, indirect heat and wood smoke to slow-cook meats over an extended period. Smokers are often included as a specialty feature in larger outdoor kitchen designs for barbecue enthusiasts.

Ventilation

The design considerations and features that allow heat, smoke, and gas fumes to safely escape an outdoor kitchen or fireplace structure. Proper ventilation is critical for both the safety of built-in appliances and the comfort of people using the space.

Weather-Resistant Cabinetry

Storage and structural cabinetry built specifically for outdoor use, constructed from materials like marine-grade polymer, stainless steel, or treated wood to resist moisture, UV rays, and temperature swings. It provides the storage functionality of an indoor kitchen while withstanding the elements.

Wood-Burning

A classification for fire features or ovens fueled by natural wood rather than gas or propane, producing a traditional flame, crackle, and aroma. Wood-burning features often require more maintenance and clearance considerations but are valued for their authentic ambiance.

Softscape & Plant Selection

Annual

A plant that completes its entire life cycle, from germination to flowering to death, within a single growing season. Annuals are prized in landscape design for their vibrant, often continuous blooms, but must be replanted each year rather than returning on their own.

Conifer

A category of trees and shrubs, typically evergreen, that produce cones and needle-like or scale-like leaves rather than broad leaves. Conifers such as pines, spruces, and junipers are commonly used in landscaping for year-round structure, privacy screening, and texture contrast.

Deciduous

A plant classification referring to trees or shrubs that shed their leaves seasonally, typically in fall, and regrow them in spring. Deciduous plants are often chosen in landscape design for seasonal color change, shade in summer, and sunlight access in winter once leaves have dropped.

Drought Tolerant

A term describing plants that can survive and thrive with minimal supplemental watering once established, often due to deep root systems or water-retaining foliage. These plants are increasingly popular in landscape design for reducing irrigation needs and supporting water-conscious, sustainable outdoor spaces.

Evergreen

A plant classification for species that retain their foliage year-round rather than shedding it seasonally. Evergreens provide consistent color, privacy, and structure in a landscape design regardless of the season, making them popular for screening and foundation plantings.

Exotic

A term used for plant species that are not native to the local region or ecosystem but have been introduced from elsewhere, often for their ornamental appeal. While many exotic plants are safely incorporated into landscape designs, some can become invasive if they spread aggressively beyond intended planting areas.

Groundcover

Low-growing plants used to blanket bare soil, spreading horizontally rather than vertically to fill in landscape beds. Groundcovers help suppress weeds, reduce soil erosion, and add texture or color to areas where taller plantings aren't practical.

Hedge

A row of closely planted shrubs or small trees, typically maintained through regular pruning to form a continuous, dense line. Hedges are commonly used to define property boundaries, create privacy screens, or add structured, formal lines to a landscape design.

Herbaceous

A term describing plants with soft, non-woody stems that typically die back to the ground each year, as opposed to woody plants like trees and shrubs. Herbaceous plants include many perennials and annuals and are valued for their flowers, foliage texture, and seasonal growth patterns.

Invasive Plants

Non-native species that spread aggressively and outcompete native vegetation, often disrupting local ecosystems and requiring ongoing removal efforts. Landscape designers generally avoid invasive species and may recommend removing existing invasive plants during a renovation or new installation.

Mass Plantings

A landscape design technique involving the repetition of a single plant species or variety across a large area to create visual impact through uniformity and volume. Mass plantings are often used to establish a cohesive look, draw the eye to a focal area, or simplify long-term maintenance.

Native Plants

Species that occur naturally in a given region without human introduction, having evolved alongside the local climate, soil, and wildlife. Native plants are frequently favored in landscape design for their low maintenance needs, drought resilience, and support of local pollinators and ecosystems.

Ornamental Grasses

Grass species grown primarily for their decorative appearance, including texture, movement, color, and seasonal plumes, rather than for lawns or turf. Ornamental grasses are commonly used as accents, borders, or focal points in landscape beds for year-round visual interest.

Perennial

A plant that lives for multiple years, typically dying back in winter and regrowing from its root system each spring. Perennials are valued in landscape design for providing long-term color and structure without the need for annual replanting.

Pruning

The practice of selectively cutting back branches, stems, or foliage to maintain a plant's health, shape, size, or flowering performance. Regular pruning is essential for hedges, trees, and shrubs to control growth, remove damaged material, and preserve the intended design aesthetic.

Screening Plantings

Rows or groupings of dense, typically evergreen plants installed specifically to block unwanted views, create privacy, or reduce noise and wind. Screening plantings are a common landscape solution for softening property lines or shielding utility areas without relying on solid fencing.

Softscape

A landscaping term referring to the living, organic elements of a design, including plants, trees, shrubs, flowers, and turf, as opposed to hardscape features like patios and walls. Softscape elements bring color, texture, seasonal change, and natural softness to complement a property's built structures.

Specimen

A single plant, often a tree or shrub, chosen and positioned as a standalone focal point in a landscape design due to its unique form, color, or size. Specimen plants are typically given prominent placement rather than being grouped with other vegetation, allowing their individual characteristics to stand out.

Topiary

The horticultural practice of pruning and shaping shrubs or trees into decorative geometric or sculptural forms. Topiary adds a formal, artistic element to a landscape and requires consistent, precise maintenance to preserve its shape over time.

Variegation

A characteristic in which a plant's leaves display multiple colors or patterns, such as white, yellow, or cream mixed with green, rather than a single solid color. Variegated plants are often used in landscape design to add visual contrast, brightness, and interest to garden beds.

Landscape Design Principles

Aesthetics

The visual appeal and overall artistic quality of a landscape design, encompassing how colors, textures, forms, and materials work together to create a pleasing outdoor environment. Aesthetics are a central consideration in every landscaping decision, from plant selection to hardscape material choices.

Balance

A design principle referring to the even visual distribution of elements within a landscape, whether achieved through symmetry (mirrored, formal arrangements) or asymmetry (varied elements that still feel proportionally equal). Balance helps a landscape feel intentional and harmonious rather than lopsided or chaotic.

Contrast

A design technique that uses differences in color, texture, size, or form to create visual interest and highlight specific elements within a landscape. Contrast might involve pairing fine-textured grasses with bold, broad-leafed plants, or dark hardscape materials against light-colored plantings, to keep a design from feeling flat or monotonous.

Drainage

The management of water flow across a property to prevent pooling, erosion, and water damage to structures, plants, or hardscape features. Proper drainage solutions, such as grading, French drains, or dry riverbeds, are a critical engineering consideration in any landscape or hardscape installation.

Focal Point

A deliberately placed element, such as a specimen tree, water feature, sculpture, or fire pit, designed to draw the eye and anchor the overall composition of a landscape. Focal points give a design a sense of purpose and help guide how a viewer experiences the space.

Grading

The process of shaping and sloping the soil on a property to control water drainage, create level areas for construction, and establish the overall topography of a landscape. Proper grading is typically one of the first steps in a project, ensuring water flows away from the home's foundation and other structures.

Landscape Design

The comprehensive planning and arrangement of a property's outdoor elements, including plants, hardscape, lighting, and structures, to create a cohesive and functional outdoor environment. Landscape design considers both aesthetic goals and practical factors like drainage, sunlight, and how the space will be used.

Outdoor Lighting / Low-Voltage Lighting

Lighting systems installed throughout a landscape or hardscape to illuminate pathways, plantings, and structures for both safety and ambiance after dark. Low-voltage systems specifically run on a reduced electrical current, typically 12 volts, making them safer to install and more energy-efficient than standard line-voltage lighting.

Privacy Screen

A physical barrier, whether created through dense plantings, fencing, or structural elements like trellises and walls, used to block sightlines from neighboring properties or streets. Privacy screens allow homeowners to enjoy their outdoor living space without feeling exposed to outside view.

Retaining Wall

A structural wall engineered to hold back soil and manage elevation changes on sloped properties, built using methods ranging from poured concrete and large-block/modular systems to natural stone, masonry, and stone veneer construction. These engineered approaches are favored for their long-term strength and structural integrity, though timber remains an option for certain budgets or design styles. Beyond function, retaining walls can also be designed to double as tiered garden beds or defined outdoor living spaces.

Setback

The minimum distance required by local zoning or building codes between a structure or installation and property lines, roads, or other boundaries. Setbacks must be factored into the planning of any landscaping or construction project to ensure compliance with municipal regulations.

Hardscape Materials

Aggregate

A mixture of crushed stone, gravel, sand, or pebbles used as a base material beneath pavers, concrete, and other hardscape installations, or as a decorative exposed finish. Aggregate provides structural stability and proper drainage, and when exposed in finishes like exposed aggregate concrete, it also adds texture and visual interest.

Boulder

A large, natural stone used as a standalone landscape feature or grouped with others to add scale, texture, and visual interest to a hardscape design. Boulders are often incorporated into retaining walls, dry riverbeds, or planting beds to create a natural, organic look while also serving practical purposes like erosion control.

Brick Paver

A manufactured paving unit made from kiln-fired clay, offering a classic, warm reddish-brown aesthetic often associated with traditional and historic outdoor designs. Brick pavers are durable and resistant to fading, though they typically offer less color and shape variety than concrete or porcelain alternatives.

Bluestone

A dense, durable natural stone quarried in shades of blue-gray, commonly used for patios, walkways, and pool decks. Bluestone is prized for its slip resistance, natural texture, and ability to be cut into either irregular flagstone shapes or uniform rectangular pavers.

Cobblestone

Small, rounded or rectangular stone units, traditionally made from granite or other durable natural stone, used to create textured, old-world style paving surfaces. Cobblestone is often chosen for driveways, borders, or accent areas where a rustic, historic aesthetic is desired.

Concrete Paver

A manufactured paving unit made from molded and cured concrete, available in a wide variety of shapes, colors, textures, and patterns. Leading manufacturers like Techo-Bloc, Nicolock, Belgard, Cambridge, and Unilock offer proprietary paver lines known for enhanced durability, color-fastness, and design options, and contractors often specify these brands for their consistent quality and available warranties.

Decorative Rock

Stones, gravel, or boulders selected and placed for their aesthetic appeal within a landscape or hardscape design, often used in dry riverbeds, planting beds, or as ground cover alternatives to mulch. Decorative rock adds texture, color, and low-maintenance appeal while also aiding with drainage and weed suppression.

Dry River Bed

A landscape design feature that mimics the appearance of a natural streambed using layered rocks, stones, and gravel, without any actual flowing water. Dry river beds serve both a decorative purpose and a functional one, often used to manage stormwater drainage and redirect runoff across a property.

Flagstone

Flat, irregularly shaped natural stone slabs, often made from materials like bluestone, sandstone, or limestone, used to create patios and walkways with a rustic, organic look. Flagstone can be set with tight-fitting joints or spaced with gravel or planting gaps for a more natural, garden-style appearance.

Granite

An extremely hard, dense natural stone known for its durability, scratch resistance, and wide range of color and mineral speckling patterns. Granite is commonly used for pavers, countertops, and accent features in hardscape design due to its ability to withstand heavy use and weather exposure.

Limestone

A natural sedimentary stone with a soft, uniform, light-colored appearance, commonly used for patios, walkways, and pool decks. Limestone offers a smooth, elegant look but is generally more porous than harder stones like granite, requiring sealing to protect against staining and weathering.

Marble

A natural metamorphic stone recognized for its distinctive veining and polished, luxurious appearance, often used as an accent material in high-end outdoor designs. While visually striking, marble is more susceptible to scratching, etching, and weathering than denser stones, making it better suited for lower-traffic decorative applications outdoors.

Natural Stone

Quarried materials such as flagstone, bluestone, travertine, or granite used in patio and hardscape construction, valued for their unique variation, durability, and organic aesthetic. Unlike manufactured pavers, no two natural stone pieces are identical, giving each installation a distinctive character.

Pavers

Individual units of concrete, brick, or natural stone installed in a fitted pattern to create patios, walkways, driveways, and pool decks. Pavers offer design flexibility through various shapes, colors, and patterns, and their individual construction makes them easier to repair or replace than poured concrete surfaces.

Permeable Pavers

Specially designed pavers installed with gapped joints and a porous base system that allows rainwater to filter through the surface into the ground below, rather than running off. Permeable pavers help manage stormwater, reduce flooding and erosion, and are often used to meet local drainage or environmental regulations.

Polymeric Sand

A specialized jointing sand mixed with polymer additives, applied between pavers and activated with water to form a firm, binding seal once it cures. Polymeric sand helps lock pavers in place, resists weed growth, and reduces erosion of the joint material compared to traditional sand.

Porcelain Pavers

Manufactured pavers made from dense, kiln-fired porcelain, offering a highly durable, low-maintenance, and stain-resistant surface for patios and pool decks. Porcelain pavers are available in a wide range of colors and finishes, including options that mimic the look of natural stone or wood.

Sandstone

A natural sedimentary stone known for its warm, earthy tones and slightly textured, slip-resistant surface. Sandstone is a popular choice for patios and walkways, though its porous nature typically requires sealing to protect against staining and moisture absorption.

Travertine

A natural limestone material formed by mineral deposits, known for its light, earthy tones and naturally textured surface. Travertine is popular for pool decks and patios because it stays cooler underfoot in direct sunlight compared to many other paving materials.

Water Feature

Any decorative element that incorporates moving or still water into a landscape design, such as fountains, ponds, waterfalls, or streams. Water features add visual interest, ambient sound, and a sense of tranquility to outdoor living spaces, often serving as a central focal point.

Patios & Decks

Base / Subbase

The compacted layer of crushed stone or gravel installed beneath a patio or paver system to provide structural support and proper drainage. A well-prepared base is critical to preventing shifting, settling, or cracking of the finished surface over time.

Cantilever

A structural design in which a deck or platform extends outward beyond its supporting posts or beams without additional support underneath. Cantilevered sections require careful engineering to ensure the structure can safely bear weight and loads without sagging or failing.

Concrete Patio

An outdoor surface constructed by pouring and curing concrete on-site, offering a durable, cost-effective, and versatile base for outdoor living areas. Concrete patios can be left plain or enhanced with finishes like staining, stamping, or exposed aggregate for added visual interest.

Deck Footing

The underground concrete supports that anchor a deck's posts to the ground, distributing the structure's weight and preventing shifting or settling. Footings must be sized and depth-set according to local building codes, factoring in soil conditions and frost lines.

Fascia

A finishing board or panel installed along the exposed edge of a deck to conceal the structural framework, such as joists and beams. Fascia gives a deck a clean, finished appearance while also helping protect the underlying structure from moisture and debris.

Joist

A horizontal structural framing member that runs beneath a deck's surface boards, providing the support system that transfers weight down to the beams and footings. Joist spacing and sizing are determined by decking material, span length, and load requirements to ensure a safe, stable structure.

Ledger Board

A horizontal board attached directly to a house's exterior wall or foundation to support one side of an attached deck's structure. Proper ledger board installation and flashing are critical safety details, as this connection point is one of the most common sources of structural failure if done incorrectly.

Multi-Level Patio

A patio design incorporating two or more distinct elevation changes, often connected by steps or retaining walls, to accommodate sloped terrain or create defined functional zones. Multi-level patios add visual interest and can separate spaces like dining, lounging, and fire pit areas within a single outdoor design.

Paver Patio

An outdoor surface built from individual concrete, brick, or natural stone units installed in a fitted pattern over a compacted base and bedding layer. Paver patios offer design flexibility in pattern, color, and texture, and individual pavers can be replaced if damaged without redoing the entire surface.

Railing

A protective barrier installed along the edges of a raised deck, staircase, or elevated patio, typically required by code above a certain height for safety. Railings can be constructed from wood, metal, cable, or glass, and are often chosen to complement the overall design aesthetic of the outdoor space.

Screened-In Deck

A deck enclosed with fine mesh screening, typically supported by a frame and sometimes topped with a roof, designed to keep out insects and debris while still allowing airflow. Screened-in decks extend the usability of an outdoor space by providing a bug-free environment without fully enclosing it like a sunroom.

Sealing

The application of a protective coating to a patio, deck, or paver surface to guard against moisture penetration, staining, fading, and weather damage. Sealing is a recommended maintenance step for materials like concrete, natural stone, and wood, and is often reapplied periodically to preserve the surface's appearance and lifespan.

Sitting Wall

A low wall built to a comfortable seating height, typically found bordering a patio, fire pit, or garden bed, providing both structural definition and additional seating. Sitting walls are often constructed from the same materials as the surrounding hardscape to create a cohesive design.

Stamped Concrete

A decorative concrete technique in which a patterned texture, such as brick, stone, or wood-plank designs, is pressed into the surface while the concrete is still curing. Stamped concrete offers the visual appeal of more expensive materials like pavers or natural stone at a lower cost, though it lacks the ability to be individually repaired if damaged.

Steps

Constructed elevation changes built from materials like stone, concrete, or pavers, designed to provide safe, stable transitions between different levels of a landscape or hardscape. Steps are engineered with proper rise and run dimensions to meet code requirements and ensure comfortable, safe use.

Walkway

A defined pathway, constructed from materials like pavers, flagstone, concrete, or gravel, designed to guide foot traffic between different areas of a property. Walkways serve both a functional purpose, providing safe and stable footing, and a design purpose, tying together various zones of a landscape.

Pergolas, Pavilions & Structural Elements

Aluminum

A lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal commonly used in the construction of pergolas and pavilions for its low maintenance requirements and long-term durability. Aluminum structures resist rotting, warping, and insect damage, and are often powder-coated to achieve a variety of colors and finishes.

Arbor

A freestanding or attached structure typically made of wood, vinyl, or metal, featuring an open lattice or beam framework often used to support climbing plants or vines. Arbors are commonly placed at entryways, garden transitions, or walkway openings to create a decorative focal point and a sense of arrival.

Attached vs. Freestanding

A classification describing whether a pergola or pavilion is physically connected to an existing structure, such as a house, or stands independently in the yard. Attached structures typically use a ledger board for support on one side, while freestanding structures rely on their own posts for full structural support.

Beam

A horizontal structural member that spans between posts, supporting the weight of the rafters and roof above in a pergola or pavilion. Beams are a key load-bearing component, and their size and material must be engineered to safely support the structure's span and any additional loads.

Ceiling Fan

An electrical fixture installed within the overhead structure of a pavilion or covered pergola to improve air circulation and comfort in the shaded space below. Outdoor-rated ceiling fans are specifically designed to withstand moisture and temperature exposure, making them a common addition to fully roofed outdoor structures.

Column

A vertical structural or decorative element, typically built from masonry, stone veneer, or stucco-covered block, used to support gates, mark entryways, or anchor fencing and railing systems. Columns add architectural presence to a hardscape design and can be finished to match surrounding materials for a cohesive look.

Gazebo

A freestanding, roofed structure, typically octagonal or round, that provides shelter and a defined gathering space within an outdoor living area. Gazebos are often used as a decorative focal point for seating, dining, or entertaining and can be fully open-air or screened for insect protection.

Louvered / Adjustable Roof

A roofing system made of angled slats, or louvers, that can be manually or motor-operated to open and close, allowing homeowners to control sunlight, airflow, and rain exposure. Louvered roofs offer more flexibility than a fixed roof, letting the same structure function as either an open-air or fully covered space.

Pavilion

A freestanding or attached roofed structure that provides permanent shelter from sun and rain in an outdoor living area. Pavilions typically anchor larger backyard layouts, housing kitchens, seating, or dining areas beneath a solid roof supported by columns or posts.

Pergola

An outdoor structure consisting of vertical posts supporting an open-beam or lattice roof, providing partial shade rather than full coverage. Pergolas are commonly used to define outdoor living areas, support climbing plants, or add architectural structure without fully enclosing the space.

Pillars

Vertical support or accent structures, similar to columns, typically constructed from masonry or stone veneer, used to frame entrances, support overhead structures, or provide visual anchoring points within a hardscape design. Pillars can be purely decorative or serve a functional structural role depending on their placement and design.

Post

A vertical structural support member that bears the weight of the beams, rafters, and roof of a pergola or pavilion, transferring the load down to the footing. Posts are typically anchored into concrete footings and are available in materials like wood, aluminum, or vinyl depending on the structure's design.

Rafter

A structural member that spans across the top of a pergola or pavilion's beams, typically running perpendicular to create the framework for the roof or open lattice. Rafter spacing and design significantly influence both the amount of shade provided and the overall visual style of the structure.

Vinyl

A synthetic, low-maintenance material used in pergola and pavilion construction, valued for its resistance to rot, fading, and insect damage without the need for staining or sealing. Vinyl structures offer a clean, uniform appearance and long-term durability, though they typically offer less design customization than wood.

Decking Materials

Capped Composite

A type of composite decking featuring a protective polymer shell wrapped around a wood-plastic composite core, shielding the board from moisture, staining, and fading. This capping process improves durability and reduces maintenance compared to uncapped composite boards, while still offering a range of colors and wood-grain finishes.

Cedar

A naturally durable softwood known for its resistance to rot, decay, and insects, making it a popular material choice for decking. Cedar also offers an attractive natural grain and warm tone, and it can be left to weather naturally or treated with stain and sealant to preserve its appearance.

Composite Decking

A decking material made from a blend of wood fibers and recycled plastic, engineered to resist rot, warping, splintering, and insect damage better than natural wood. Popular brands like Trex, TimberTech, Fiberon, and Deckorators offer a range of capped composite boards in various colors and textures, requiring significantly less maintenance than traditional wood.

Mahogany / Hardwood

A dense, durable tropical hardwood prized for its rich color, natural strength, and resistance to rot and insects without chemical treatment. Mahogany and similar hardwoods offer a premium, high-end aesthetic for decking, though they typically come at a higher cost and require periodic oiling or sealing to maintain their appearance.

Pressure-Treated Wood

Lumber, typically pine or fir, that has been chemically treated under pressure to resist rot, decay, and insect damage, making it suitable for outdoor use. Pressure-treated wood is one of the most affordable decking options, though it requires regular maintenance like staining or sealing and can warp or splinter over time.

PVC Decking

A decking material made entirely from synthetic polyvinyl chloride rather than a wood-plastic blend, offering complete resistance to moisture, rot, and insect damage. PVC decking is lightweight, low-maintenance, and highly durable, though it typically carries a higher price point than traditional composite options.

Stone Veneer & Masonry

Cultured Stone

A general term for manufactured stone veneer made from a mixture of cement, aggregates, and iron oxide pigments cast in molds taken from real stone. Cultured stone is lightweight and easier to install than natural stone, offering a similar visual appeal at a lower material and labor cost.

El Dorado Stone

A brand of manufactured architectural stone veneer known for its handcrafted, textured designs that replicate the look of natural stone, brick, and ledgestone. It's commonly used by contractors for fireplaces, outdoor kitchens, and accent walls where a high-end, natural aesthetic is desired without the weight or cost of quarried stone.

Evolve Stone

A newer generation of manufactured stone veneer made from a proprietary polymer-based composite rather than traditional cement, designed to be lighter, more impact-resistant, and easier to install than standard manufactured stone. It's marketed as a durable, low-maintenance alternative that still achieves a realistic natural stone appearance.

Manufactured Stone

Any factory-produced veneer product designed to replicate the appearance of natural stone, typically made from cast concrete or polymer composites. Manufactured stone offers greater consistency, lighter weight, and easier installation than natural stone, making it a popular choice for residential veneer applications.

Mortared vs. Dry-Laid

Two methods of installing stone or masonry hardscape features: mortared construction uses cement-based mortar to permanently bond stones or blocks together, while dry-laid construction relies on the weight, fit, and friction of stacked stones without any bonding agent. Mortared installations offer greater structural permanence, while dry-laid methods allow for natural drainage and a more rustic appearance.

Natural Stone Veneer

Thin-cut slices of quarried, genuine stone applied to a structure's surface to achieve the authentic look and texture of solid stone construction without the weight or cost of full-thickness stone. Natural stone veneer offers unique variation and long-term durability, though it's typically heavier and pricier than manufactured alternatives.

Thin Veneer

A general category of stone veneer, whether natural or manufactured, cut or cast to a reduced thickness (typically 1-1.5 inches) for easier handling and installation. Thin veneer can be applied directly to vertical surfaces like walls and columns without the structural support required by full-thickness stone.

Veneer

A thin, decorative facing material, whether natural stone or manufactured stone, applied over a structural base like concrete block to achieve a finished aesthetic. Manufactured stone brands such as El Dorado Stone, Cultured Stone, Evolve Stone, and ProVia are commonly specified by contractors for their realistic textures, lighter weight, and easier installation compared to full-thickness natural stone.

Versetta / Paneled Veneer

A manufactured stone veneer system installed in large, interlocking panels rather than individual stones, allowing for significantly faster installation. Paneled veneer systems like Versetta Stone are valued by contractors for reducing labor time while still achieving a realistic, dimensional stone appearance.

Yard Pro / ProVia (Veneer)

Brand names associated with manufactured stone veneer products designed to mimic the look of natural stone for residential exterior and hardscape applications. These systems are typically chosen by contractors for their consistent quality, ease of installation, and range of style and color options.

Sunrooms & Enclosures

Enclosure

A general term for any structure built to enclose an outdoor living area, typically using glass, screen, or vinyl panels within a supporting frame. Enclosures extend the usability of a patio, porch, or pool area by adding protection from weather, insects, or debris while maintaining a connection to the outdoors.

Four-Season Room

A fully insulated sunroom designed with energy-efficient windows, heating, and often air conditioning, allowing year-round use regardless of outdoor temperature. Unlike three-season rooms, four-season rooms are typically built on a permanent foundation and integrated into the home's existing HVAC system to function as true livable square footage.

Glass Wall System

A series of large glass panels, often stacking, sliding, or folding, that can be fully opened or closed to transform a space between open-air and enclosed. Glass wall systems are popular in sunrooms and patio enclosures for maximizing natural light and views while giving homeowners flexible control over airflow and weather protection.

Motorized / Automated Screens

Retractable screen systems operated by an electric motor, often controlled via remote, wall switch, or smart home app, that lower or raise to enclose an outdoor space. These screens offer convenience and flexibility, allowing homeowners to quickly adjust sun, insect, and wind protection without manual effort.

Patio Enclosure

A structure built to enclose an existing patio space using screen, glass, or vinyl panels within a framed system, converting an open patio into a more protected, usable living area. Patio enclosures can range from simple screened frames to fully glassed, climate-controlled additions depending on the homeowner's goals.

Pool Enclosure

A structure, typically made from screen or glass panels within an aluminum frame, built to fully or partially cover a pool and surrounding deck area. Pool enclosures help keep out debris, insects, and excess UV exposure while some designs also extend the usable swim season by moderating temperature.

Screened Porch

A covered outdoor space enclosed with fine mesh screening, supported by a frame, designed to keep out insects and debris while preserving airflow and an open-air feel. Screened porches are typically less insulated and more budget-friendly than fully glassed sunrooms, offering seasonal comfort rather than year-round climate control.

Sunroom

A structure with extensive glass walls and often a glass or solid roof, designed to maximize natural light while providing protection from the elements. Sunrooms can range from lightly insulated three-season spaces to fully conditioned four-season rooms, depending on construction and intended year-round use.

Three-Season Room

A sunroom-style structure with windows and insulation sufficient for comfortable use during spring, summer, and fall, but not typically equipped for full winter climate control. Three-season rooms offer a more budget-friendly alternative to four-season rooms, providing protection from wind, rain, and insects without the cost of a full HVAC integration.

Fencing

Aluminum Fence

A metal fence system constructed from lightweight, powder-coated aluminum, offering the decorative look of wrought iron without the risk of rust or heavy maintenance. Aluminum fencing is a popular choice for pool enclosures and ornamental boundaries due to its durability and low upkeep.

Board-on-Board

A wood fence style in which vertical boards are installed with overlapping edges on alternating sides of the rails, eliminating gaps between panels. This construction method provides full privacy while presenting an attractive, finished appearance from both sides of the fence.

Cedar Fence

A fence constructed from cedar wood, valued for its natural resistance to rot, decay, and insects, along with an attractive grain and warm tone. Cedar fencing can be left to weather naturally to a silvery gray or maintained with stain and sealant to preserve its original color.

Composite Fence

A fencing material made from a blend of wood fibers and recycled plastic, engineered to resist rot, warping, splintering, and fading better than natural wood. Composite fencing requires minimal maintenance and offers long-term durability, making it a popular alternative to traditional wood fences.

Gate

A hinged or sliding entry point built into a fence line, allowing controlled access in and out of a fenced area. Gates are typically constructed to match the surrounding fence material and style, and often include latching or locking hardware for security and safety.

Horizontal Slat

A modern fence style in which boards or panels run horizontally rather than vertically along the fence line, creating a sleek, contemporary aesthetic. Horizontal slat fencing can be built from wood, composite, or metal and is often designed with small gaps for partial visibility or airflow.

Ornamental / Wrought Iron

A decorative metal fence style, traditionally made from hand-forged iron or modern powder-coated steel, featuring elegant scrollwork, pickets, and finials. Ornamental iron fencing is chosen for its classic, upscale appearance and is commonly used for front yards, garden borders, and pool enclosures where visibility is desired alongside security.

Picket

A traditional fence style consisting of evenly spaced vertical boards, typically with pointed or rounded tops, attached to horizontal rails. Picket fences are usually lower in height than privacy fences and are chosen for their classic aesthetic and boundary definition rather than full seclusion.

Post Cap

A decorative or functional covering installed on top of a fence post to protect the wood or material from moisture damage and add a finished appearance. Post caps come in a variety of styles and materials, from simple pyramid shapes to solar-lit options, allowing for both practical protection and design customization.

Privacy Fence

A tall, solid fence style built with minimal or no gaps between boards or panels, designed to fully block sightlines into a property. Privacy fences are commonly constructed from wood, vinyl, or composite materials and are a popular choice for backyards and outdoor living spaces.

Vinyl / PVC Fence

A synthetic fencing material valued for its resistance to rot, fading, and insect damage without the need for staining, painting, or sealing. Vinyl fencing offers a clean, uniform appearance and long-term durability, available in styles ranging from privacy panels to classic picket designs.

Wood Fence

A fence constructed from natural lumber, such as cedar, pine, or spruce, offering a traditional, customizable aesthetic for privacy, picket, or board-on-board styles. Wood fencing requires periodic maintenance like staining or sealing to protect against weathering, rot, and insect damage over time.



LAZO Outdoors is Ready to Serve You

We know you have a lot of choices when it comes to hiring a landscaping company in Maryland. We've been in business since 2003, and serve the landscaping needs of homeowners and businesses throughout the greater Baltimore area, including parts of southern Pennsylvania.

Our goal is 100% customer satisfaction. To that end, our mission is to be honest, work hard, charge reasonable prices, and provide you with the better outdoor space you deserve.

In addition to our landscaping services and hardscaping services, we provide tree services and inground pool installation! We would welcome the opportunity to provide you with a free estimate.



Frequently Asked Questions

What is design-build, and why does it matter for an outdoor living project?

Design-build means one company handles both the design and the construction of your project under a single contract, instead of you hiring a separate designer and contractor. It gives you one point of contact from concept through completion, which streamlines communication, reduces scheduling conflicts, and keeps one team accountable for the finished result.

Can I see what my project will look like before construction begins?

Yes. We can produce a photorealistic 3D design rendering of your proposed outdoor living space so you can review the materials, layout, lighting, and scale before any work starts. This makes it easy to request changes early, while they are still inexpensive to make.

Can a large outdoor project be built in phases?

Yes. Larger projects are often guided by a master plan and built in phases over time to fit your budget, permitting, and scheduling needs. The master plan keeps each stage integrated with the ones completed before and after it.

What is the difference between a pergola and a pavilion?

A pergola has vertical posts supporting an open beam or lattice roof, so it provides partial shade rather than full coverage. A pavilion is a roofed structure that offers permanent shelter from sun and rain, and it often anchors a larger backyard layout with a kitchen, seating, or dining area beneath it.

Do you handle pools as well as landscaping and hardscaping?

Yes. In addition to landscaping and hardscaping, we provide tree services and inground pool installation, including custom concrete pools, and we also handle pool renovation and resurfacing.

What areas does LAZO Outdoors serve?

We have been in business since 2003 and serve homeowners and businesses throughout the greater Baltimore area in Maryland, including parts of southern Pennsylvania. We would welcome the opportunity to provide you with a free estimate.